Enzyme-Controlled Reactions (Virtual Lab>)
- By the end of the day, I will be able to carry out an experiment involving enzymes (a type of protein) where the enzyme may be affected by varying the pH in which the reaction occurs by doing a virtual enzyme-controlled reactions> online and completing a formal lab report in a webpage portfolio. I will be sure to control the experiment and change only one variable at a time.
- Collect data in a table as seen here>
- Answer the six journal questions in the virtual lab to include on this page.
- Include everything on this page that you would include in a formal lab report.
- Note: Only students that complete the virtual lab and webpage portfolio report will complete a wet-lab about enzymes next week.
A. ProblemThe purpose of this lab is to observe how enzymes act on substrates to produce product. We will observe how enzyme activity is altered when the enzyme environment's pH is changed.
|
C. Materials
|
B. Hypothesis
|
D. Procedure
|
E. Results
Data Table>
Paragraph form: Describe every observation made with each step. Use scientific terms and be specific. The observations that I made in this trend reaction table is that initially as more substrate(lactose) was added to each tube on each trial more products were formed, more galactose and glucose.I also realized that if you add to much substrate initially it won't make more product because the enzymes are already bonded with the substrates and there's no more enzymes with active sites available to fill in.The pH level that had the maximum amount of molecules made per minute was pH7 on trials 4 and 5 with 350 product formed because that was a neutral environment,the minimum amount of product formed was on pH3 at trial 1 with only 19 molecules formed.
Reaction Equation |
Number of Molecules Formed per Minute in Varying Levels of pH |
F. Conclusion
Virtual Lab> Journal Questions
- Yes it is a linear relationship because if initially as you add more substrate more products will be made but if you add too much substrate initially it won't show more products because maybe there's not a lot of enzymes to bond with,because all of them are already filled.
- The maximum initial rate for pH7 at trials 4 and 5 are when 4.0g or 8.0g of substrate (lactose) are added to each tube.
- The maximum initial reaction rate cannot be reached at low lactose concentrations because all the active sites are already filled and bonded,so there's no more to bond to and I can't get any more product.
- My data indicates that the optimum pH level for this lactase reaction is pH7 because that is when more molecules are made and it is in the middle because lactase likes neutral environment where there's not too much but not too little, just neutral and pH7 is when we can see this.
- Temperature has a big impact on regulating mechanisms in organisms as they told us pH7 likes 35 degrees Celsius this indicates that lactase likes neutral environment and that the ideal pH level is 7 because it is in the middle not a lot but not a little either.
- People who are lactose(sugar) intolerant do not produce enough lactase the enzyme required to break down the sugar lactose,people with this problem are able to take products like a pill that contains the lactase enzymes.The producer of this product needs to be concerned about acidity because this pill works inside the stomach and there's were a lot of acids are concentrated they would have to ensure that the enzyme wouldn't get destroyed or lose function in the acidity of the stomach because as I learned lactase reaction is less amount of products in acids.
- The purpose of this lab is to see how lactose acts on lactase to make products.We are going to be able to observe how much number of molecules are formed per minute as pH is varied.In my hypothesis I stated that if I make the pH of the lactase reaction more acidic a lot more products will be formed and it was proven as evidence by looking at the results of the experiment, as more pH lactase reaction acidic was added a lot of more product was made,but what was disproven is that I said that if I made the pH reaction of lactase more basic more products will be formed but what the experiment showed was the opposite, less products were made because there were not a lot of active sites available.Enzymes like a neutral environment,an optimal pH level in this case being pH level 7,because pH can alter enzyme shape denature and the active site may be destroyed,not allowing it bond with the substrate to form products.On the results I realized that there is a trend,as more substrate was initially added,more products were formed but if too much substrate was added initially it didn't show more product made instead less molecules were formed this is because all the enzymes were bonded and there was no more active sites available to bond with.The maximum amount of molecules formed per minute was 350 at trials 4 and 5.The minimum was at trial 1 with 19 products formed.